1 Chronicles 5:18

Authorized King James Version

The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בְּנֵי
The sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#2
רְאוּבֵ֨ן
of Reuben
reuben, a son of jacob
#3
וְגָדִ֜י
and the Gadites
a gadite (collectively) or descendants of gad
#4
וַֽחֲצִ֥י
and half
the half or middle
#5
שֵֽׁבֶט
the tribe
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
#6
מְנַשֶּׁה֮
of Manasseh
menashsheh, a grandson of jacob, also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
#7
מִן
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#8
בְּנֵי
The sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#9
חַיִל֒
of valiant men
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
#10
אֲ֠נָשִׁים
men
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
#11
נֹֽשְׂאֵ֨י
able to bear
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#12
מָגֵ֤ן
buckler
a shield (i.e., the small one or buckler); figuratively, a protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile
#13
וְחֶ֙רֶב֙
and sword
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
#14
וְדֹ֣רְכֵי
and to shoot
to tread; by implication, to walk; also to string a bow (by treading on it in bending)
#15
קֶ֔שֶׁת
with bow
a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris
#16
וּלְמוּדֵ֖י
and skilful
properly, to goad, i.e., (by implication) to teach (the rod being an middle eastern incentive)
#17
מִלְחָמָ֑ה
in war
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
#18
אַרְבָּעִ֨ים
and forty
forty
#19
וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה
were four
four
#20
אֶ֛לֶף
thousand
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
#21
וּשְׁבַע
seven
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
#22
מֵא֥וֹת
hundred
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
#23
וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים
and threescore
sixty
#24
יֹֽצְאֵ֥י
that went out
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
#25
צָבָֽא׃
to the war
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Chronicles. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection